International Bunkers

International bunkers are quantities of fuel delivered to merchant ships and civil aircraft, of any nationality, for consumption during international voyages or flights transporting goods or passengers. They are one of the destinations an energy product can reach once produced or transformed, alongside export, storage, energy-industries own use, or final consumption [IRES, Ch. V, para. 5.4, PDF p. 68, 2018]. For the purposes of energy statistics, international bunkers are not included in exports — they are recorded separately owing to their importance, for example for the estimation of greenhouse gas emissions [IRES, Ch. V, paras 5.14–5.15, PDF pp. 70, 2018]. Fuel delivered domestically for bunkering is likewise excluded from both imports and exports, not just from the bunkers category itself — see Imports and Exports [IRES, Ch. V, paras 5.11–5.12, PDF p. 70, 2018].

International marine bunkers

Quantities of fuels delivered to merchant ships (including passenger ships) of any nationality for consumption during international voyages transporting goods or passengers. An international voyage is one where the ports of departure and arrival are in different national territories. Fuel delivered for consumption by ships during domestic transportation, fishing or military uses is not included here — it is final consumption instead (domestic navigation is covered in the Transport section of Chapter V, not yet ingested) [IRES, Ch. V, para. 5.14, PDF p. 70, 2018].

International aviation bunkers

Quantities of fuels delivered to civil aircraft of any nationality for consumption during international flights transporting goods or passengers. An international flight is one where the ports of departure and arrival are in different national territories. Fuel delivered for consumption by aircraft undertaking domestic or military flights is not included here — it is final consumption instead (domestic aviation is covered in the Transport section of Chapter V, not yet ingested) [IRES, Ch. V, para. 5.15, PDF p. 70, 2018].

Related

• IRES Chapter V — Energy Flows — the chapter digest this page supports
• Imports and Exports — the trade-flow categories bunkering is explicitly excluded from
• Final Consumption — where domestic (non-international) bunkering-like fuel deliveries are recorded instead