# Annexes and References ## Annex A. Primary and secondary products; renewables and non-renewables Energy statistics conventionally distinguishes between primary and secondary energy products, and between renewable and non-renewable products (see chapter II for definitions and other details). The cross-classification of these categories of energy products and their list are provided below. **Cross-classification of primary/secondary and renewable/non-renewable products** | | Primary products | Secondary products | | --- | --- | --- | | Non-renewables | 01—Hard coal
02—Brown coal
11—Peat
20—Oil shale
30—Natural gas
41—Conventional crude oil
42—Natural gas liquids (NGL)
44—Additives and oxygenates
61—Industrial waste
62 (partially)[^89]—Municipal waste
Nuclear heat
Heat from chemical processes | 03—Coal products
12—Peat products
43—Refinery feedstocks
46—Oil products
Electricity and heat from combusted fuels of fossil origin
Electricity derived from heat from chemical processes and nuclear heat
Any other product derived from primary/secondary non-renewable products | | Renewables | 5—Biofuels (except charcoal)
62 (partially)—Municipal waste
Heat from renewable sources, except from combusted biofuels
Electricity from renewable sources, except from geothermal, solar thermal or combusted biofuels[^90] | 516—Charcoal
Electricity and heat from combusted biofuels
Electricity from geothermal and solar thermal
Any other product derived from primary/secondary renewable products | **List of primary/secondary and renewable/non-renewables** *Note: at the time of publication no internationally agreed definition of renewable and non-renewable products was available. Therefore, the list provided below is indicative and subject to amendments.* **Table — SIEC Headings, primary/secondary and renewable/non-renewable status** | Section/Division/Group | Class | Title | Primary (P)/Secondary (S) | Renewable (R)/Non-renewable (NR) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 0 | | Coal | | NR | | 01 | | Hard coal | P | NR | | 011 | 0110 | Anthracite | P | NR | | 012 | | Bituminous coal | P | NR | | | 0121 | Coking coal | P | NR | | | 0129 | Other bituminous coal | P | NR | | 02 | | Brown coal | P | NR | | 021 | 0210 | Sub-bituminous coal | P | NR | | 022 | 0220 | Lignite | P | NR | **Table — SIEC Headings, primary/secondary and renewable/non-renewable status (continued)** | Section/Division/Group | Class | Title | Primary (P)/Secondary (S) | Renewable (R)/Non-renewable (NR) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 03 | | Coal products | S | NR | | 031 | | Coal coke | S | NR | | | 0311 | Coke oven coke | S | NR | | | 0312 | Gas coke | S | NR | | | 0313 | Coke breeze | S | NR | | | 0314 | Semi cokes | S | NR | | 032 | 0320 | Patent fuel | S | NR | | 033 | 0330 | Brown coal briquettes (BKB) | S | NR | | 034 | 0340 | Coal tar | S | NR | | 035 | 0350 | Coke oven gas | S | NR | | 036 | 0360 | Gas works gas (and other manufactured gases for distribution) | S | NR | | 037 | | Recovered gases | S | NR | | | 0371 | Blast furnace gas | S | NR | | | 0372 | Basic oxygen steel furnace gas | S | NR | | | 0379 | Other recovered gases | S | NR | | 039 | 0390 | Other coal products | S | NR | | 1 | | Peat and peat products | | NR | | 11 | | Peat | P | NR | | 111 | 1110 | Sod peat | P | NR | | 112 | 1120 | Milled peat | P | NR | | 12 | | Peat products | S | NR | | 121 | 1210 | Peat briquettes | S | NR | | 129 | 1290 | Other peat products | S | NR | | 2 | | Oil shale/oil sands | P | NR | | 20 | | Oil shale/oil sands | P | NR | | 200 | 2000 | Oil shale/oil sands | P | NR | | 3 | | Natural gas | P | NR | | 30 | | Natural gas | P | NR | | 300 | 3000 | Natural gas | P | NR | | 4 | | Oil | | NR | | 41 | | Conventional crude oil | P | NR | | 410 | 4100 | Conventional crude oil | P | NR | | 42 | | Natural gas liquids (NGL) | P | NR | | 420 | 4200 | Natural gas liquids (NGL) | P | NR | | 43 | | Refinery feedstocks | S | NR | | 430 | 4300 | Refinery feedstocks | S | NR | | 44 | | Additives and oxygenates | S | NR | | 440 | 4400 | Additives and oxygenates | S | NR | | 45 | | Other hydrocarbons | | | | 450 | 4500 | Other hydrocarbons | | | | 46 | | Oil products | S | NR | | 461 | 4610 | Refinery gas | S | NR | | 462 | 4620 | Ethane | S | NR | | 463 | 4630 | Liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) | S | NR | | 464 | 4640 | Naphtha | S | NR | **Table — SIEC Headings, primary/secondary and renewable/non-renewable status (continued)** | Section/Division/Group | Class | Title | Primary (P)/Secondary (S) | Renewable (R)/Non-renewable (NR) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 465 | | Gasolines | S | NR | | | 4651 | Aviation gasoline | S | NR | | | 4652 | Motor gasoline | S | NR | | | 4653 | Gasoline-type jet fuel | S | NR | | 466 | | Kerosenes | S | NR | | | 4661 | Kerosene-type jet fuel | S | NR | | | 4669 | Other kerosene | S | NR | | 467 | | Gas oil/diesel oil and heavy gas oil | S | NR | | | 4671 | Gas oil/diesel oil | S | NR | | | 4672 | Heavy gas oil | S | NR | | 468 | 4680 | Fuel oil | S | NR | | 469 | | Other oil products | S | NR | | | 4691 | White spirit and special boiling point industrial spirits | S | NR | | | 4692 | Lubricants | S | NR | | | 4693 | Paraffin waxes | S | NR | | | 4694 | Petroleum coke | S | NR | | | 4695 | Bitumen | S | NR | | | 4699 | Other oil products n.e.c. | S | NR | | 5 | | Biofuels | | R | | 51 | | Solid biofuels | | R | | 511 | | Fuelwood, wood residues and by-products | P | R | | | 5111 | Wood pellets | P | R | | | 5119 | Other fuelwood, wood residues and by-products | P | R | | 512 | 5120 | Bagasse | P | R | | 513 | 5130 | Animal waste | P | R | | 514 | 5140 | Black liquor | P | R | | 515 | 5150 | Other vegetal material and residues | P | R | | 516 | 5160 | Charcoal | S | R | | 52 | | Liquid biofuels | P | R | | 521 | 5210 | Biogasoline | P | R | | 522 | 5220 | Biodiesels | P | R | | 523 | 5230 | Bio jet kerosene | P | R | | 529 | 5290 | Other liquid biofuels | P | R | | 53 | | Biogases | P | R | | 531 | | Biogases from anaerobic fermentation | P | R | | | 5311 | Landfill gas | P | R | | | 5312 | Sewage sludge gas | P | R | | | 5319 | Other biogases from anaerobic fermentation | P | R | | 532 | 5320 | Biogases from thermal processes | P | R | | 6 | | Waste | P | | | 61 | | Industrial waste | P | NR | | 610 | 6100 | Industrial waste | P | NR | | 62 | | Municipal waste | P | R/NR | | 620 | 6200 | Municipal waste | P | R/NR | **Table — SIEC Headings, primary/secondary and renewable/non-renewable status (continued)** | Section/Division/Group | Class | Title | Primary (P)/Secondary (S) | Renewable (R)/Non-renewable (NR) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 7 | | Electricity | | | | 70 | | Electricity | | | | 700 | 7000 | Electricity | | | | 8 | | Heat | | | | 80 | | Heat | | | | 800 | 8000 | Heat | | | | 9 | | Nuclear fuels and other fuels n.e.c. | | | | 91 | | Uranium and plutonium | | | | 910 | | Uranium and plutonium | | | | | 9101 | Uranium ores | | | | | 9109 | Other uranium and plutonium | | | | 92 | | Other nuclear fuels | | | | 920 | 9200 | Other nuclear fuels | | | | 99 | | Other fuels n.e.c. | | | | 990 | 9900 | Other fuels n.e.c. | | | ## Annex B. Additional tables on conversion factors, calorific values and measurement units **Table 1 — Mass equivalents** (Multiply the value in the FROM row by the cell to convert INTO the column unit.) | FROM \ INTO | Kilograms | Metric tons | Long tons | Short tons | Pounds | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Kilograms | 1.0 | 0.001 | 0.000984 | 0.001102 | 2.2046 | | Metric tons | 1000 | 1.0 | 0.984 | 1.1023 | 2204.6 | | Long tons | 1016 | 1.016 | 1.0 | 1.120 | 2240.0 | | Short tons | 907.2 | 0.9072 | 0.893 | 1.0 | 2000.0 | | Pounds | 0.454 | 0.000454 | 0.000446 | 0.0005 | 1.0 | Example: Convert from metric tons (ton) into long tons: 1 ton= 0.984 long tons. **Table 2 — Volume equivalents** | FROM \ INTO | U.S. gallons | Imperial gallons | Barrels | Cubic feet | Litres | Cubic metres | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | U.S. gallons | 1.0 | 0.8327 | 0.02381 | 0.1337 | 3.785 | 0.0038 | | Imp. gallons | 1.201 | 1.0 | 0.02859 | 0.1605 | 4.546 | 0.0045 | | Barrels | 42.0 | 34.97 | 1.0 | 5.615 | 159.0 | 0.159 | | Cubic feet | 7.48 | 6.229 | 0.1781 | 1.0 | 28.3 | 0.0283 | | Litres | 0.2642 | 0.220 | 0.0063 | 0.0353 | 1.0 | 0.001 | | Cubic metres | 264.2 | 220.0 | 6.289 | 35.3147 | 1000.0 | 1.0 | Example: Convert from barrels into cubic meters: 1 barrel = 0.159 cubic meter. **Table 3 — Energy equivalents** | FROM \ INTO | TJ | Million Btu | GCal | GWh | ktoe | ktce | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Terajoule (TJ) | 1 | 947.8 | 238.84 | 0.2777 | 2.388×10⁻² | 3.411×10⁻² | | Million Btu | 1.0551×10⁻³ | 1 | 0.252 | 2.9307×10⁻⁴ | 2.52×10⁻⁵ | 3.6×10⁻⁵ | | GigaCalorie (GCal) | 4.1868×10⁻³ | 3.968 | 1 | 1.163×10⁻³ | 10⁻⁴ | 1.429×10⁻⁴ | | Gigawatt hour (GWh) | 3.6 | 3412 | 860 | 1 | 8.6×10⁻² | 1.229×10⁻¹ | | Ktoe | 41.868 | 3.968×10⁴ | 10⁴ | 11.630 | 1 | 1.429 | | Ktce | 29.308 | 2.778×10⁴ | 0.7×10⁻⁴ | 8.14 | 0.7 | 1 | Example: Convert from Gigawatt-hours (GWh) into Terajoules (TJ): 1 GWh = 3.6 TJ. **Table 4 — Difference between net and gross calorific values for selected fuels** | Fuel | Percentage | | --- | --- | | Coke | 0 | | Charcoal | 0-4 | | Anthracite | 2-3 | | Bituminous coals | 3-5 | | Sub-Bituminous coals | 5-7 | | Lignite | 9-10 | | Crude oil | 5-8 | | Petroleum products | 3-9 | | Natural gas | 9-10 | | Liquefied natural gas | 7-10 | | Gasworks gas | 8-10 | | Coke-oven gas | 10-11 | | Bagasse (50 per cent moisture content) | 21-22 | | Fuelwood (10 per cent moisture content) | 11-12 | | Fuelwood (20 per cent moisture content) | 22-23 | | Fuelwood (30 per cent moisture content) | 34-35 | | Fuelwood (40 per cent moisture content) | 45-46 | Source: United Nations (1987). **Table 5 — Influence of moisture on solid volume and weight of standard fuelwood** Percentage moisture content of fuelwood: | | 100 | 80 | 60 | 40 | 20 | 15 | 12 | 10 | 0 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Solid volume in m³ per ton | 0.80 | 0.89 | 1.00 | 1.14 | 1.33 | 1.39 | 1.43 | 1.45 | 1.60 | | Weight in tons per m³ | 1.25 | 1.12 | 1.00 | 0.88 | 0.75 | 0.72 | 0.70 | 0.69 | 0.63 | Source: United Nations (1987). **Table 6 — Fuelwood to charcoal conversion table** *Influence of parent wood density on charcoal production (Weight (kg) of charcoal produced per cubic metre fuelwood)* | Coniferous wood | Average tropical hardwoods | Preferred tropical hardwoods | Mangrove (rhizophora) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 115 | 170 | 180 | 285 | *Influence of wood moisture content on charcoal production (Quantity of wood required to produce 1 ton of charcoal)* | Moisture content (dry basis) | 100 | 80 | 60 | 40 | 20 | 15 | 10 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Volume of wood required (cubic metres) | 17.6 | 16.2 | 13.8 | 10.5 | 8.1 | 6.6 | 5.8 | | Weight of wood required (tons) | 12.6 | 11.6 | 9.9 | 7.5 | 5.8 | 4.7 | 4.1 | Source: United Nations (1987). **Table 7 — Fuelwood requirement for charcoal production by kiln type** (Cubic metres of fuelwood per ton of charcoal) Percentage moisture content of fuelwood: | Kiln Type | 15 | 20 | 40 | 60 | 80 | 100 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Earth kiln | 10 | 13 | 16 | 21 | 24 | 27 | | Portable steel kiln | 6 | 7 | 9 | 13 | 15 | 16 | | Brick kiln | 6 | 6 | 7 | 10 | 11 | 12 | | Retort | 4.5 | 4.5 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 9 | Data are based on assumption of standard hardwood as input into the process. Source: United Nations (1987). **Table 8 — Energy values of selected animal and vegetal wastes** | Wastes | Average moisture content: dry basis (percentage) | Approximate ash content (percentage) | Net calorific value (MJ/kg) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Animal dung | 15 | 23–27 | 13.6 | | Groundnut shells | 3–10 | 4–14 | 16.7 | | Coffee husks | 13 | 8–10 | 15.5–16.3 | | Bagasse | 40–50 | 10–12 | 8.4–10.5 | | Cotton husks | 5–10 | 3 | 16.7 | | Coconut husks | 5–10 | 6 | 16.7 | | Rice hulls | 9–11 | 15–20 | 13.8–15.1 | | Olives (pressed) | 15–18 | 3 | 16.75 | | Oil-palm fibres | 55 | 10 | 7.5–8.4 | | Oil-palm husks | 55 | 5 | 7.5–8.4 | | Bagasse | 30 | 10–12 | 12.6 | | Bagasse | 50 | 10–12 | 8.4 | | Bark | 15 | 1 | 11.3 | | Coffee husk, cherries | 30 | 8–10 | 13.4 | | Coffee husk, cherries | 60 | 8–10 | 6.7 | | Corncobs | 15 | 1–2 | 19.3 | | Nut hulls | 15 | 1–5 | 18.0 | | Rice straw & husk | 15 | 15–20 | 13.4 | | Wheat straw & husk | 15 | 8–9 | 19.1 | | Municipal garbage | .. | .. | 19.7 | | Paper | 5 | 1 | 17.6 | | Sawdust | 50 | 1 | 11.7 | Note: Two dots (..) indicate that data are not available. 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Available from http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2013/cop19/eng/10a03.pdf. - World Meteorological Organization homepage, available from https://public.wmo.int/en. - World Meteorological Organization statements on the status of global climate available from www.wmo.int/pages/prog/wcp/wcdmp/CA_2.php. - World Meteorological Organization Greenhouse Gas Emissions Bulletin available from https://public.wmo.int/en/resources/library/wmo-greenhouse-gas-bulletin. ISBN 978-92-1-161584-5 13-12499 --- [^89]: The part of municipal waste coming from biomass origin is considered renewable, whereas the part coming from fossil origin is considered non-renewable. [^90]: Renewable sources of electricity are comprised of: hydro, wind, solar (photovoltaic and solar thermal), geothermal, wave, tide and other marine energy, as well as the combustion of biofuels. Renewable sources of heat are: solar thermal, geothermal and the combustion of biofuels.